竹島問題の歴史

16.12.11

A Debate with Steve Barber (Frogmouth)

I have been debating Steve Barber (Frogmouth) over at "The Marmot's Hole," where some people there do not like the subject of "Dokdo," so I am posting my last comment to Steve over there to this blog to give him an opportunity to respond here. I have invited him, so we shall see if he comes.

If you are interested in getting some background on the debate, you can go HERE and read up on it.
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Frogmouth wrote (#192):
Wrong very very wrong Mr Bevers. The Shogun did not give permission for Japanese to fish on Ulleungdo 1618. He alternately granted two families, the Oyas and Murakawas permission to voyage there and harvest resources in exchange for tributes. The voyage passes were for going to foreign lands. Japanese did not need permission to voyage to their own country.
The 1618 document was “permission to travel out to sea” (渡海免許) to an outlying island (落島), not to another country. To travel to another country, they would have needed a “red seal document” (朱印狀 – 주인장), which was the custom at the time, but the permission the two families received was not a “red seal document.”

A “red seal document” would have specified the country to which they were traveling. For example, if they were traveling to Korea, the document would have been worded something like this: “自日本到朝鮮國舟也,” which translates as “This ship is from Japan crossing to the country of Korea.” Besides, the only way permitted to travel to Korea at the time was through Tsushima (Daemado), which means “Takeshima” (Ulleungdo) was not considered part of Korea when the document was issued.

Frogmouth wrote (#192):
Saito Hosen’s report says this 州 is the lmilit of Japan. Here “州” means Province NOT place. And it certainly does not mean Ulleungdo Island because Saito Hosen uses the character “島” to mean island. In fact Saito Hosen used “州” consistenly throughout his report to refer to Oki Province.
In the 1667 document, Matsushima (Liancourt Rocks) and Takeshima (Ulleungdo) were considered to be outlying islands of the Oki Domain (隠州), so the Oki Domain was considered to be Japan’s most northwestern territory because it stretched out to within sight of the Korean peninsula. Therefore, the document was not saying that Takeshima (Ulleungdo) was Japan’s most northwestern territory, but that the Oki Domain, which included the outlying islands of Matsushima (Liancourt Rocks) and Takeshima (Ulleungdo), was Japan’s most northwestern territory.

Frogmouth wrote (#192):
Again wrong Mr Bevers. Korea wasn’t even aware Japan was voyaging to Ulleungdo and Dokdo because their was a vacant island policy. When Chosun found out Japan was visiting Ulleungdo they insisted Ulleungdo was theirs and the Japanese immediately agreed. There was no dispute just Japanese compliance. The area was declared off limits. No travel ban to Dokdo was issued because it would literally be suicide to voyage over a week round trip to desolate rocks, with no resources in very heavy seas.
You are being ridiculous, Frogmouth. Of course, there was a dispute over Ulleungdo in the 1690s, after Korean fishermen, including An Yong-bok, were caught fishing on Takeshima, which the Japanese claimed to be their territory. I am not even going to bother quoting all the back and forth between the two countries. The final result was that Japan recognized Takeshima (Ulleungdo) as Korean territory, but not Matsushima (Liancourt Rocks). Afterwards, Matsushima continued to be called “Oki’s Matsushima.”

Frogmouth wrote (#192):
Mr Bevers your assumptions and half-baked conclusions are laughable. Here’s what we know. Jang Han Sang saw Dokdo and gave a quite accurate assessment of its distance. He later stated that he could not see Japan. From these statements we know he did not consider Dokdo as Japanese territory.
Jang Han Sang guessed at the distance to an unnamed island (Liancourt Rocks) on the horizon and he was off by 30 km. His guess of the size of the unnamed island (Liancourt Rocks) was completely wrong since he guessed it to be no more than 1/3 the size of Ulleungdo, when, in fact, it is more like 1/390 the size.

Furthermore, he did not say “he could not see Japan”; he said Japan’s territory was “distant and hazy” (杳茫) with “no islands of significance” (無眼杓之島). Notice the 之 before 島, which means 眼杓 was describing the kind of island he saw. In other words, he saw an island (Liancourt Rocks), but it was “insignificant” (보잘것없는) since it was no more than 1/3 the size of Ulleungdo.

Frogmouth wrote (#192):
Again another incorrect translation from Mr Bevers. The document actually states Visible to the east of Ulleungdo is an island that is near or adjacent to the limits of JapanThus in reality this document shows Dokdo to be near but outside what the Koreans thought to be Japanese territory.
This is probably one of the more ridiculous claims you have made.
The Korean was as following:
鬱陵之東 島嶼相望 接于倭境

East of Ulleung (鬱陵之東 – 울릉지동) a small island is visible (島嶼相望 – 도서상마) that connects to Japanese territory (接于倭境).
接(접) means “to connect,” as in 접(接)하다 or 접속( 接續)하다. 于(우) means “to.” 倭(왜) means “Japanese.” 境(경) means “territory” or “border.” If you put them together you get, “connected to Japanese territory.” There was nothing said about it being “near” Japanese territory.

Frogmouth wrote (#194):
Actually Ulleungdo was incorporated during Shilla in 512 AD but the island was evactuated I think in the 16th Century.
Korea’s “empty island” policy started in 1403, which was the beginning of the 15th century, not the 16th. It lasted until 1883.

Frogmouth wrote (#197):
The measurements given on that report had nothing to do with the dimensions of Uldo County it was simply the size of Ulleungdo Island.
The measurements were for Uldo County because it was the subject of the sentence, Here is the relevant sentence:
該郡所管島는 竹島石島오、東西가 六十里오 南北이 四十里니, 合 二百餘里라고 하였다더라.

[They said] the islands under the jurisdiction of the said county (該郡所管島는) are Jukdo and Seokdo (竹島石島오). From east to west it is 60 ri (東西가 六十里오). From north to south it is 40 ri (南北이 四十里니) for a total of 200 ri (合 二百餘里).
The subject of that sentence is “the county” (該郡 – 해군), not the island. In fact, the whole article is about “Uldo County,” not Ulleungdo island.

Everything you wrote above were lies, Frogmouth, and it was not just because of your ignorance of Korean and Chinese characters. You do it intentionally, for reasons I do not understand.

13.12.11

1952 - Jan. - 『韓国沿岸水路誌』第一巻_韓国も竹島を「竹島」と呼んでいた

下の史料は、檀紀4285年1月5日、韓国海軍本部水路官室というところが発行した『韓国沿岸水路誌』です。「竹島」という名前で、竹島=独島が説明されています。(檀紀4285年は1952年です)

1952 01 『韓国沿岸水路誌』第一巻_11952 01 『韓国沿岸水路誌』第一巻_21952 01 『韓国沿岸水路誌』第一巻_51952 01 『韓国沿岸水路誌』第一巻_91952 01 『韓国沿岸水路誌』第一巻_31952 01 『韓国沿岸水路誌』第一巻_4

図(表紙、奥付、「竹島」の部分、「鬱陵島と竹島」の部分)

同じ1952年の1月18日には、李承晩ラインが宣言され、韓国は竹島を自国領と主張しました。この本が編集・刊行されたのは、まさにその直前、ということになります。「竹島」の写真もあり、まさしく、今の竹島=独島です。

1952 01 『韓国沿岸水路誌』第一巻_7

図(「竹島」の写真)2枚

項目名は「鬱陵島と竹島(獨島)」となっていますが、「竹島」の説明部分には「獨島」の名前はありません。目次でも、大きな項目として「鬱陵島と竹島(獨島)」としながら、「竹島」は「竹島」のままです。

1952 01 『韓国沿岸水路誌』第一巻_8

図(目次)

「序」と「編集の言葉」の部分に、今年(=1951年)8月に「海軍水路官室」が出来て、4ヶ月の奮闘の末に、ようやく韓国は自前の『水路誌』を持つことが出来た、と書かれています。それまでは韓国には外国の『水路誌』しかなかった、としています。


1952 01 『韓国沿岸水路誌』第一巻_序1952 01 『韓国沿岸水路誌』第一巻_編集1952 01 『韓国沿岸水路誌』第一巻_編集2

図(序、編集の言葉)

当時の韓国外務省や水産局がプッシュして無理やり李承晩ラインの中に竹島を取り込んだ1952年1月以前には、韓国海軍においては、独島に対する強烈な領有意識はなかったのではないかと思われます。あるいは無関心、と言うべきでしょうか。そして、ここには、「新羅以来の韓国の固有領土である独島が、1905年に日本に奪われ、1945年、解放とともに祖国の胸に帰ってきた」という「独島の物語=神話」は、まだ全く存在しません。

そもそも、この本は、ほとんどが、日本側が出した(海軍省)水路部編『朝鮮沿岸水路誌』(昭和8年=1933年)の翻訳と思われます。4か月でできた、と書いてあることからも、それが伺えます。(右側の四角をクリック 原文を見る)(vol 第3編 朝鮮東岸 鬱陵島及竹島)

しかも、まったくの丸写しではなく、新しい資料が取り込まれており、1951年末ごろの、韓国海軍=韓国政府の、独島=竹島認識の一端がうかがえるものだと思います。

・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・

朝鮮沿岸水路誌』(昭和8年=1933)韓国沿岸水路誌』(檀紀4241年=1952)の比較

朝鮮沿岸水路誌(89p)

竹島(タケシマ)   此ノ島ハ日本海上ノ1小群嶼ニシテ島根隠岐島前ヨリ大約86浬、鬱陵島ヨリ東南東方約50浬ニ位シ幅1鏈餘ノ狭水道ヲ隔テテ東西ノ相スル2島ト其ノ周ニ碁布スル幾多ノ小嶼トヨリ成ル(第89頁第25及26参照)。

韓国沿岸水路誌(91p)

竹島     섬은 東海上 1小群嶼로서 鬱陵島에서 東南東方約50浬 位置하며

1鏈餘水道를사이에두고 東西하는2 碁布하는

幾多小嶼로서이루고있다(第92頁第25及26参照)

(翻訳)この島は、東海上の1小群嶼で、陵島より東南東方約50浬に位置し、1余の狭水道を隔てて東西に相対する2島と、その周囲に碁布する幾多の小嶼から成っている。(第92頁対面対景図第25及26参照)

・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・

朝鮮沿岸水路誌(89p)

島上ニハ前記ノ如ク家屋ヲ建築スベキ地極メテ乏シク明治37年11月軍艦馬ノ此ノ島ヲ査セシ際ハ東方島ニ漁夫用ノ菰葺小屋アリシモ風波ノ為甚シク破壊シアリシト謂フ。

毎年夏季ニ至ラバ海驢ノ為鬱陵島ヨリ渡スルモノ十名ノ多キニ及ブコトアリ彼等ハ島上ニ小屋ヲ構ヘ、毎約10日間居スト謂フ。

韓国沿岸水路誌(91p)

島上 前記외같이 家屋建築할만한 地域 稀少하다。毎年夏季가되면

海驢하여鬱陵島에서하는10名이라하며春季부터鬱陵島로부터 和布(미역)及전복採取10名漁夫하며島上小屋을만들어

毎回約10日間한다고한다

(翻訳)島上には、前記の如く、家屋を建築すべき地が極めて稀少である。

毎年夏季になると、海驢猟の為に鬱陵島より渡来する者、数10名と言い、また春季から鬱陵島から和布(わかめ)及び鰒等の採取に10名の漁夫が渡来し、島上に小屋を作り、毎回約10日間、仮居するという。

・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・

朝鮮沿岸水路誌(90p)

位置 竹島ノ東方島ノ南端ハ明治41年ノ測定ニ據レバ北緯37度14分18秒、東経131度52分33秒ニ在リ。

韓国沿岸水路誌(92p)

位置竹島東方島南端 檀紀4241年測定하면 北緯37度14分18秒, 東経131度52分33秒에있다.

(翻訳)竹島の東方島の南端は、檀紀4241年の測定に依れば、北緯37度14分18秒、東経131度52分33秒にある。     注:明治41年=檀紀4241年=1908